Dr. Josephine Nalwoga, a Ugandan surgeon, notes that while many Ugandans today are increasingly choosing surgery over other treatment options for various reasons, it is not always the best solution particularly in cases where less invasive alternatives are available, given the potential physical and psychological impacts of surgery.
Surgery, in medical terms, is a procedure that involves physically altering bodily structures to diagnose, treat, or prevent disease or injury.
This often includes cutting or modifying tissue to remove, repair, or examine parts of the body or to investigate the presence of disease.
While surgery whether laparoscopic or open can be life-saving or enhance quality of life, it also carries the risk of physical side effects, ranging from mild, temporary discomfort to serious complications.
In today’s Let’s Talk Health segment, we take a break from discussing diseases and pivot to surgery, its side effects on mental and physical health and how to deal with them.
Physical Side Effects
Dr Nalwoga states that there are many physical complications and these include:
Anaesthesia Complications: Allergic reactions, breathing difficulties, and other complications can occur.
Haematoma: Bleeding under the skin, both internal and external, can occur.
Delayed Healing: Factors like infection or individual health conditions can slow down the healing process.
Organ Damage: Though rare, accidental damage to nearby organs during surgery is a possibility.
Nerve Damage: Nerve damage can lead to long-term pain or altered sensation at or near the surgical site.
Blood Clots: Surgery can increase the risk of blood clots, particularly in the legs.
Infection: While rare, infection at the surgical site is a potential complication.
There are more common but less dangerous side effects which include;
Pain: Pain is a natural part of the healing process after surgery, especially around the incision site.
Nausea and Vomiting: General anaesthesia can sometimes cause nausea and vomiting.
Sore Throat: A sore throat can occur, especially if a breathing tube was used during surgery.
Constipation: Pain medications and reduced activity after surgery can lead to constipation.
Fatigue: The body requires significant energy to heal, which can result in tiredness and lethargy.
Dizziness and Drowsiness: Medications and the body’s recovery process can cause dizziness and drowsiness.
Swelling and Bruising: Swelling and bruising are common around the incision site and can vary in intensity.
Understanding these physical side effects is crucial for a smoother recovery and knowing when to seek medical attention.
Mental Side Effects
According to Dr Nalwoga, the lesser-known effects of surgery are mostly mental, which can have a significant effect on a person’s well-being. Common side effects on one’s psyche can include:
Anxiety and Fear: Concerns about the outcomes, potential complications, or the recovery process can cause anxiety and fear, which can have adverse mental effects on a patient.
Depression: The physical limitations and lifestyle changes after surgery can lead to feelings of sadness, inadequacy, and depression.
Irritability and mood swings: Post-operative pain and discomfort can cause mood swings and irritability.
Cognitive Changes: Some surgeries, especially those involving anaesthesia, can temporarily affect cognitive function, leading to confusion or memory loss.
Self-Esteem Issues: Surgeries, especially those that alter appearance, such as mastectomies or amputations, can impact one’s self-esteem, leading to body image issues.
How to Deal With the Side Effects
Prepare Mentally: Before surgery, discuss your concerns with your doctors and consider counselling.
Stay Informed: Understanding the procedure, recovery process, and potential outcomes can reduce anxiety and uncertainty.
Build a Support System: Surround yourself with family, friends or supportive groups that can provide emotional support and practical help.
Practice Relaxation Techniques: Techniques such as deep breathing, meditation, or progressive muscle relaxation can help manage stress and anxiety.
Stay Active: Gentle physical activity, as recommended by your doctors, can improve mood and reduce stress.
Follow Post-operative Instructions: Adhering to your doctors’ advice can help ensure a smoother recovery and reduce complications.
Seek Professional Health: If feelings of anxiety, depression or other mental health issues persist, consider seeking medical help from mental health professionals.
By understanding the physical and mental effects of surgery and employing effective coping strategies, individuals can better manage their mental and physical health.
